Wasu matan Afirka biyu na cikin waɗanda ke takarar lashe kyautar marubuta ta shekarar 2020, karon farko a tarihin bayar da kyautar ta Birtaniya da ke karrama fitattun marubuci – wannan babban ci gaba ne ga masu bayar da labarai a nahiyar.
Labarin cewa ƴar asalin Habasha kuma Ba’amurka Maaza Mengiste, marubuciyar littafin The Shadow King, da ƴar kasar Zimbabwe Tsitsi Dangarembga, da littafinta mai suna This Mournable Body, suna cikin wadanda aka zaɓa don lashe kyautar fam 50,000 ($ 66,000) ya haifar murna a duniyar adabi a Afirka.
“Kasancewar akwai ƴan Afirka biyu, kuma baƙaƙen fata uku a jerin sunayen, wannan kamar wani kira ne ga ci gaban masana’antar cewa abu ne mai yiyuwa a kwatanta adalci,” a cewar Maaza bayan sanar da cewa tana cikin sunayen shiga da aka zaɓa.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Maaza Mengiste (hagu) da Tsitsi Dangarembga (dama) dukkaninsu sun taba halartar babban taron marubuta na Afirka da aka yi a Najeriya.
“Sau da dama nakan kasance ƴar Afirka kaɗai, kuma bakar fata, a jerin sunayen; kuma a wannan karon da alama alƙalai sun tantance littafi daga abin da yake ɗauke da shi, ba wai don ficen marubuci ba ko kuma ƙarfin da yake da shi a harkar. “
Hanyar wallafawa mai wahala
Maaza da Dangarembga dukkaninsu sun halarci babban bikin marubuta na Afirka da ake kira Ake Festival da aka gudanar a Najeriya, wanda shi ne babban tsani ga matasa marubuta da kuma masu neman kudi a harkar rubutu waɗanda babu shakka za su dinga tunanin ko za su taɓa yin nasara.
Dangarembga ta kasance babbar jigo a bikin Ake na 2019 kuma a lokacin da nake tattaunawa da ita, masu sauraro sun yi mamakin jin cewa marubuciyar ta Zimbabwe ta sha wahala da fuskantar ƙalubale a adabi, duk kuwa da karbuwa da littafinta na farko ya samu, mai suna Nervous Condition.
Wanda aka wallafa 1988, littafin ya lashe kyautar ƙasashen renon Ingila a Afirka kuma daga baya aka bayyana shi ɗaya daga cikin fitattun littafan ƙarni na 20 a Afrika kuma ɗaya daga cikin jerin labarai 100 na na BBC da suka auya duniya.
Kamar yadda wani jarumi Thandie Newton, wanda aka haifi mahaifiyarsa a Zimbabwe, ya rubuta a shafinsa na sada zumunta a watan Agusta: Littafi na farko da na fara karantawa lokacin da na isa Cambridge don nazarin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam a jami’ar shi ne Nervous Conditions.
Littafin The sequel, The Book of Not, an wallafa shi a 2006. Mournable Body ya kammala littafan uku, wanda ya bi fitaccen jarumin Tambu ta hanyar kafin samun ƴanci kai da kuma bayan samun ƴancin kan Zimbabwe.
Kamar yadda Dangarembga ta bayyanawa mahalarta taron bikin lataffan a Legas a bara: “The Tambudzai Trilogy ya yi nazari kan irin tashin hankalin da za a iya ganowa daga sama zuwa ƙasa da kuma daga ƙasa zuwa sama.
Taken wanda wanda aka wallafa a wata makala a jaridar New York ta wata marubuciya mai suna Teju Cole ƴan asalin Najeriya – Unmournable Bodies – littafin da aka zaɓa an sha wahalar buga shi.
“Babu wanda ke sha’awar wannan This Mournable Body,” kamar yadda marubuciyar ta bayyana. An hana ta wallafa tsakuren labarin a Facebook, wanda ya ja hankalin edita Ellah Wakatama Allfrey, wanda shiga tsakaninsa ya yi sanadin wallafa littafin shekaru 30 bayan Nervous Conditions.
“Har zuwa yanzu, na yi rubutu a cikin rashin aikin. Ba ni da wani wakili. Ban sani ba ko wani zai so abin da nake rubutawa, baya ga abokai da abokan aiki da suke karanta ayyukana,” kamar yadda Dangarembga ya bayyana.
Ta gode, yanzu ta samu wakili.
“Na ji daɗi, yanzu na samu sauƙi, daga ƙarshe na samu karɓuwar da ta sa yanzu ina jin daɗin cewa na yi wani abin ƙayatarwa a rubutuna.”
“Ina jin kawai zan iya tallata ayyukan da nake yi mafi kyau. Kuma saboda ban cika damuwa da hakan ba, tsarin rubutun kansa ya fi sauƙi.”
Littafan da aka bayyana biyu da aka zaɓa na matan Afirka, wanda ke ƙara ƙarfafa muhimmancin labaran da suka shafi mutanen nahiyar.
Shadow King shi ne littafin Maaza na biyu – na farko, Beneath the Lion’s Gaze, an wallafa shi a 2010 – ya duba yaƙin da haifar da mamayar da dakarun Benito Mussolini na Italiya ya yi wa Habasha a 1935.
Amfani da hotuna a littafin The Shadow King ya sauya buƙatar masu ɗaukar hoto zamanin mulkin mallaka, wanda ya bayar da damar fito da ɓoyayyun labarai.
“Mussolini ya fahimci ƙarfin kyamara kuma ya dauki hakan a yaƙi, kuma ina so na bayyana hakan a cikin littafin,” kamar yadda marubucin ya shaida wa shirin BBC na Front Row a farkon wannan watan.
Ta yi aikin rubuta litattafai tsawon shekaru 10, tana zuwa Rome don koyon Italiyanci don bincike kan tarihin kama-karya.
Rikici da rashawa
Tattaunawa game da litattafai da Booker sun kuma mai da hankali kan yanayin zamantakewar siyasa a cikin ƙasashen marubutan.
Kamar yadda Habasha ke dab da fuskantar rikici – yayin da rikici ke kara kamari a yankin Tigray na kasar – yakin tarihi da ke tsakiyar littafin ya ba da sharhi kan al’amuran yau da kullum ta hanyoyin da marubucin ba zai iya hangowa ba.
Kan batun Dangarembga, karramawar Booker ya taimaka wajen bayyana ra’ayoyin marubucin kan adawa da rashawa a ƙasarta.
Kwanaki hudu bayan shugabar alƙalan, Margaret Busby, ta sanar da jerin sunayen da suka yi nasara, hukumomin Zimbabwe sun kama Dangarembga lokacin zanga-zangar lumana a wani yanayi na daban da Newton ta bayyana marar daɗi.
Daga baya an bada belinta, Dangarembga ta fara bayyana gaban kotu. Har yanzu akwai tuhuma akanta amma samu goyon bayan mutane da yawa.
A watan Satumba aka sanar da ita marubuta a Jami’ar East Anglia; kuma a cikin Oktoba ta gabatar da takarda a wani taron shekara shekara na tuna da Oliver Tambo karo 7.
Marubutan sun yi maraba nasarar da suka samu, game da irin tasirin da za su yi, ga masu tasowa
“Ina ganin wataƙila yana da ban sha’awa ga matasa marubuta waɗanda suka fara aiki, waɗanda suka fahimci cewa wani lokaci hakan ba ya faruwa kawai lokaci ɗaya, yana ɗaukar lokaci kuma dole ne a sadaukar da kai da gaske tare da samar da labarin da suke son bayarwa, “in ji Dangarembga.
Asalin hoton, AFP
Tsohon shugaban Amurka Barack Obama yana cikin wadanda za su halarci bikin bayar da kyautar a ranar Alhamis
Ga Maaza “tabbatar da basirarta ne da tuni aka sani a nahiyar. Wannan kamar nunawa marubutar Afirka cewa ana sane da aikinsu, ana karantawa.”
“Kuma ina fatan wannan zai karfafawa matasa marubuta su ci gaba da aiki, su sanya himma, kada su karaya, kuma su fahimci cewa abu ne mai yiyuwa ba wai kawai a karanta a yammaci ba amma abin da ke da muhimmanci shi ne cewa wadannan littattafan sun shiga Asiya, zuwa Afirka, zuwa nahiyoyi daban-daban, kuma hakan na faruwa. “
A ranar da aka fitar da sunayen aka zaɓa, an dauki hoton Wanner tare da littattafan Dangarembga da na Maaza – alama ce, watakila, game da tsammanin nasararsu a kyautar bana, wanda za a sanar a ranar Alhamis.
“Wannan babbar nasara ce gare su baki ɗaya idan ɗayansu ya lashe kyautar – idan ba haka ba, kasancewar sunayensu cikin waɗanda za su iya lashe kyautar abin farin ciki ne gare mu,” in ji ta.
Kuma nadin da aka ji na kasancewarsu a jerin sunayen Booker a nahiyar ya kamata ya taimaka wajan samar da karin labarai game da Afirka, kuma da fatan karin masu karatu – musamman cewa marubuciyar nan ƴar Najeriya Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie an zabi littafinta na Half of a Yellow Sun a matsayin littafin da ya fi shahara da mace ta lashe a karon farko cikin shekaru 25.
Wannan zai iya zama labari ne mai ɗaɗi ga marubutan Afirka waɗanda ke fama da ƙalubale a kasuwancinsu.
Molara Wood marubuciya ce kuma ƴar jarida a Lagos, babbar edita ce a Ouida Books.
(BBC Hausa)
