The Belgian team made the announcement in a post via their Twitter handle on Friday.
De Bruyne fractured his eye socket and nose in Manchester City’s Champions League final 1-0 defeat to Chelsea last month.
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The playmaker had minor surgery last week, only joining up with his Belgian teammates on Monday.
Axel Witsel, meanwhile, is also recovering from an Achilles tendon injury.
“Axel Witsel and Kevin De Bruyne did not travel to Russia. They stayed in (the Belgian training camp) Tubize to continue their recovery,” the Belgian Red Devils Twitter account said.
Belgium are in Group B alongside Denmark, Finland and Russia.
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